The consultants at Vredenburgh & Associates, Inc. have conducted, published, and presented original applied research on a variety of human factors, safety, and employment issues. The balance that we have established between research and application creates a wide range of services available to our clients. We are eager to work with you to meet your specific research and evaluation needs.

Our research includes:

• Warnings, product design, risk perception
• Transportation safety
• Children, schools & playgrounds
• Organizational effectiveness
• Workplace safety
• Forensics
• Age-related factors
• Healthcare worker and patient safety
• Environmental design

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Warnings, Product Design & Risk Perception

Vredenburgh, A.G., Kalsher, M.J., & Vredenburgh, M.J. (2006). Evaluating hazard communication of patient medication information sheets for prescription drugs. IEA2006: 16th World Congress on Ergonomics. Elsevier Ltd.

Vredenburgh, A.G., Vredenburgh, M.J., & Kalsher, M.J. (2006). Adolescent risk perception and self-protective behavior regarding airsoft and paintball Guns. IEA2006: 16th World Congress on Ergonomics. Elsevier Ltd.

Vredenburgh, A.G. & Zackowitz, I.B. (2006). Warning Expectations. In M. Wogalter (Ed.), The Handbook of Warnings: Design and Use. Chapter 25. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., 345-354.

Vredenburgh, A.G. & Helmick-Rich, J.A. (2006). Extrinsic Non-warning Factors. In M. Wogalter (Ed.), The Handbook of Warnings: Design and Use. Chapter 28. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., 373-384.

Vredenburgh, A.G., Longden, S., Williams, K.J., & Kalsher, M.J. (2005). Evaluating latex glove container warnings in a realistic setting. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 35, 559-568.

Vredenburgh, A.G. & Zackowitz, I.B. (2005). Human factors issues to be considered by product liability experts. In Y.I. Noy & W. Karwowski (Eds.), Handbook of Human Factors in Litigation. Chapter 26. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 26-1 – 26-11.

Vredenburgh, A.G. & Weinger, M.B., (2004). Examination of apparent flaws in the American drug hazard detection, evaluation, and risk communication system. Abstract in the Program of the Second Annual Patient Safety Conference: Making care safer one patient at a time. San Diego, California, 100.

Vredenburgh, A.G., Longden, S., Williams, K.J., & Kalsher, M.J. (2003). Medical Product Labeling: The evaluation of latex allergy warnings in a realistic setting. In Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 47th Annual Meeting. Santa Monica, CA: Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 1554-1558.

Vredenburgh, A.G., & Zackowitz, I.B. (2001). Evaluating the effectiveness of a pictorial-only warning on a trolley coupler. In Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 45th Annual Meeting. Santa Monica, CA: Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 848-851.

Vredenburgh, A.G., & Cohen, H.H. (1995). High risk recreational activities: Skiing and scuba − What predicts compliance with warnings. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 15, 123-128. Abstract reprinted (1996), Journal of Safety Research, 27(2), 134-135.

Vredenburgh, A.G., & Cohen, H.H. (1995). Does culture affect risk perception?: Comparisons among Mexicans, African-Americans, Asians, and Caucasians. In Proceedings of the 39th Annual Meeting of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. Santa Monica, CA: Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, (2), 1015-1019. Abstract reprinted (1996), Journal of Safety Research, 27(2), 272.

Vredenburgh, A.G. & Cohen, H.H. (1993). Compliance with warnings in high-risk recreational activities: Skiing and scuba. In Proceedings of the 37th Annual Meeting of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. Santa Monica, CA: Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (2), 945-949.

Children, Schools, and Playgrounds

Vredenburgh, A.G. & Zackowitz, I.B. (in press). Playground ergonomics: Safety and injury prevention through design. In R. Lueder & V. Rice (Eds.), Ergonomics for Children. Chapter 28. Taylor & Francis: London.

Vredenburgh, A.G., Vredenburgh, M.J., & Kalsher, M.J. (2006). Adolescent risk perception and self-protective behavior regarding airsoft and paintball Guns. IEA2006: 16th World Congress on Ergonomics. Elsevier Ltd.

Zackowitz, I.B, & Vredenburgh, A.G. (2005). Preschoolers, adolescents and seniors: Age-related factors that pertain to forensic human factors analyses. In Y.I. Noy & W. Karwowski (Eds.), Handbook of Human Factors in Litigation. Chapter 35. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 35-1 – 35-11.

Vredenburgh, A.G., & Zackowitz, I.B. (2002). Playground Safety: A forensic human factors analysis of fall injuries. In Proceedings of the 54th Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences, Santa Monica, CA: Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 95-96.

Zackowitz, I.B, & Vredenburgh, A.G. (1998). Preschoolers: A forensic human factors analysis. (Summary) In Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences, San Francisco, CA., 90-91.

Organizational Effectiveness

Vredenburgh, A.G. & Zackowitz, I.B. (2005). Sexual Harassment: A forensic human factors perspective. In Y.I. Noy & W. Karwowski (Eds.), Handbook of Human Factors in Litigation. Chapter 36. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 36-1 – 36-9.

Vredenburgh A.G., & Zackowitz I.B., (2002). Sexual Harassment: An organizational safety issue. In Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 46th Annual Meeting. Santa Monica, CA: Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 915-919.

Vredenburgh A., Hendrick, H., & Zackowitz, I. (2000). Are personality traits useful predictors of managers’ success? In Proceedings of the XIVth Triennial Congress of the International Ergonomics Association and 44th Annual Meeting of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. Santa Monica, CA: Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 2-301 – 2-304.

Vredenburgh, A., McLeod, J., & Nebeker, D. (1999). Under what circumstances do extrinsic rewards decrease intrinsic motivation? In Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 43rd Annual Meeting. Santa Monica, CA: Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 830-834.

Vredenburgh, A., Hendrick, H. & Zackowitz, I. (1998). Hotel managers: What personality traits predict their success? (Summary) In Proceedings of the IO/OB 19th Annual Graduate Conference, San Diego, CA., 112-114.

Zackowitz, I. & Vredenburgh, A. (1998). How individuals manage their impressions when presenting to their peers. (Summary) In Proceedings of the IO/OB 19th Annual Graduate Conference, San Diego, CA., 94.

Workplace Safety

Vredenburgh, A.G. (2003). Intervention Effectiveness: Evaluation of six workplace safety programs to determine their contribution to injury reduction. Abstract in Proceedings of the National Occupational Injury Research Symposium (NOIRS). Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 101.

Vredenburgh, A.G., & Zackowitz, I.B. (2003). Conducting a Systems Evaluation to Address Workplace Radiation Exposure Hazard. In Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 47th Annual Meeting. Santa Monica, CA: Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 1252-1255.

Vredenburgh, A., (2002). Organizational safety: Which management practices are most effective in reducing employee injury rates? Journal of Safety Research, 33, 259-276.

Vredenburgh, A.G., & Zackowitz, I. B. (2001). Work-related musculoskeletal disorders: Ergonomic risk to healthcare workers. In D. Alexander & R. Rabourne (Eds.), Applied Ergonomics. Chapter 17. Taylor & Francis: London, 146-155.

Vredenburgh, A.G., & Zackowitz, I. B. (2001). Ergonomics programs: Reducing work-related musculoskeletal injuries. In D. Alexander & R. Rabourne (Eds.), Applied Ergonomics. Chapter 28. Taylor & Francis: London, 259-268.

Vredenburgh, A., (1999). Risk management: Which management practices are best predictors of employee injury rates? In Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 43rd Annual Meeting. Santa Monica, CA: Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 902-906.

Vredenburgh, A.G. (1998). Safety management: Which organizational factors predict hospital employee injury rates? Doctoral dissertation. California School of Professional Psychology, San Diego, CA.

Forensics

Vredenburgh, A.G. & Zackowitz, I.B. (2005). Human factors issues to be considered by product liability experts. In Y.I. Noy & W. Karwowski (Eds.), Handbook of Human Factors in Litigation. Chapter 26. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 26-1 – 26-11.

Zackowitz, I.B, & Vredenburgh, A.G. (2005). Preschoolers, adolescents and seniors: Age-related factors that pertain to forensic human factors analyses. In Y.I. Noy & W. Karwowski (Eds.), Handbook of Human Factors in Litigation. Chapter 35. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 35-1 – 35-11.

Vredenburgh, A.G. & Zackowitz, I.B. (2005). Sexual Harassment: A forensic human factors perspective. In Y.I. Noy & W. Karwowski (Eds.), Handbook of Human Factors in Litigation. Chapter 36. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 36-1 – 36-9.

Hornick, R.J. & Vredenburgh, A.G. (2004). A Two-way Street – With Hazards; Expert/Attorney Communications. In Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 48th Annual Meeting. Santa Monica, CA: Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 1129-1130.

Vredenburgh, A. (2000) Get Ready to be Challenged: How to prepare for the qualification process. Forvm, 16(2), 5. Reprinted in Council of Technical Groups Digest, 3(I) March 2001.

Noy, I., Vredenburgh, A., Hornick, R., Mortimer, R., Olsen, R., Thompson, D., Ryan, P., Savaglio, B., & Spangler, J. (2000). Mock Trial: Human factors contributions to litigation involving adaptive cruise control. In Proceedings of the XIVth Triennial Congress of the International Ergonomics Association and 44th Annual Meeting of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. Santa Monica, CA: Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 6-398 – 6-401.

Zackowitz, I., Cohen, H., & Vredenburgh, A. (1998). Operationally defining a legal term for forensic human factors. In Proceedings of the Silicon Valley Ergonomics Conference, Palo Alto, CA., 185-189.

Vredenburgh, A., Cohen, H.H., Hornick, R., Laughery, K., Leonard, D., Olsen, R., Smith, L., Thompson, D., Wogalter, M., & Zackowitz, I. (1997). Mock trial: How human factors experts contribute to civil litigation. Case 1: A pedestrian’s encounter with a tripping hazard. In Proceedings of the 41st Annual Meeting of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. Santa Monica, CA: Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, (1) 524-528.

Vredenburgh, A., Cohen, H.H., Hornick, R., Laughery, K., Leonard, D., Olsen, R., Smith, L., Thompson, D., Wogalter, M., & Zackowitz, I. (1997). Mock trial: How human factors experts contribute to civil litigation. Case 2: Adequacy of warning systems to address product hazards. In Proceedings of the 41st Annual Meeting of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. Santa Monica, CA: Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, (1) 524-528.

Vredenburgh, A.G., Zackowitz, I.B., & Cohen, H.H. (1996). Comparative risk perception of common activities: A forensic perspective. In Proceedings of the 41st Annual Meeting of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. Santa Monica, CA: Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, (1), 520-524.

Age-related Factors

Zackowitz, I.B, & Vredenburgh, A.G. (2005). Preschoolers, adolescents and seniors: Age-related factors that pertain to forensic human factors analyses. In Y.I. Noy & W. Karwowski (Eds.), Handbook of Human Factors in Litigation. Chapter 35. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 35-1 – 35-11.

Zackowitz, I.B, & Vredenburgh, A.G. (2002). Applying a forensic human factors engineering analysis to falls in elderly people. In Proceedings of the 54th Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences, Atlanta, GA, 96-97.

Vredenburgh, A.G., & Zackowitz, I.B. (1998). Older drivers: A forensic human factors analysis. (Summary) In Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences, San Francisco, CA., 91-92.

Healthcare Worker and Patient Safety

Vredenburgh, A.G., Kalsher, M.J., & Vredenburgh, M.J. (2006). Evaluating hazard communication of patient medication information sheets for prescription drugs. IEA2006: 16th World Congress on Ergonomics. Elsevier Ltd.

Murphy, W.H. Vredenburgh, A., Weinger, M.G., Yoshida, D. (2005). Human factors engineering, legal liability, malpractice, and patient safety. In Human Factors, Ergonomics, and Patient Safety for medical Devices. Arlington, VA: Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation (AAMI).

Vredenburgh, A.G., Longden, S., Williams, K.J., & Kalsher, M.J. (2005). Evaluating latex glove container warnings in a realistic setting. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 35, 559-568.

Vredenburgh, A.G. & Weinger, M.B. (2004). Communication of drug hazard information: A critical analysis of how the relationship between the pharmaceutical companies, the FDA, clinicians and patients impacts patient safety. In Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 48th Annual Meeting. Santa Monica, CA: Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 2040-2044.

Vredenburgh, A.G. & Weinger, M.B. (2004). Examination of apparent flaws in the American drug hazard detection, evaluation, and risk communication system. Abstract in the Program of the Second Annual Patient Safety Conference: Making care safer one patient at a time. San Diego, CA, 100.

Weinger, M.B, Vredenburgh, A.G., Schumann, C.M., Macario, Williams, K.J., Kalsher, M.J., Smith, B., Truong, P.C., & Kim, A. (2000). Quantitative Description of the workload associated with airway management procedures. Journal of Clinical Anesthesiology, 12(4), 273-82.

Weinger, M.B, Vredenburgh, A.G., Schumann, C.M., Macario, Williams, K.J., Kalsher, M.J., Smith, B., Truong, P.C., & Kim, A. (2000). Quantitative Description of the workload associated with airway management procedures. Journal of Clinical Anesthesiology, 12(4), 273-82.

Vredenburgh, A.G., Saifer, A.G., & Cohen, H.H. (1995). You are going to do what with that thing? An ergonomic analysis of a medical device. Ergonomics in Design, April, 16-20.

Environmental Design

Zackowitz, I.B., Vredenburgh, A.G., & Hedge, A. (2005). A critical analysis of the usability and design of aluminum wheelchair ramps. In Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 49th Annual Meeting. Santa Monica, CA: Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 803-807.

Vredenburgh, A., Cohen, H.H., Hornick, R., Laughery, K., Leonard, D., Olsen, R., Smith, L., Thompson, D., Wogalter, M., & Zackowitz, I. (1997). Mock trial: How human factors experts contribute to civil litigation. Case 1: A pedestrian’s encounter with a tripping hazard. In Proceedings of the 41st Annual Meeting of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. Santa Monica, CA: Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, (1) 524-528.

Transportation Safety

Noy, I., Vredenburgh, A., Hornick, R., Mortimer, R., Olsen, R., Thompson, D., Ryan, P., Savaglio, B., & Spangler, J. (2000). Mock Trial: Human factors contributions to litigation involving adaptive cruise control. In Proceedings of the XIVth Triennial Congress of the International Ergonomics Association and 44th Annual Meeting of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. Santa Monica, CA: Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 6-398 – 6-401.

Vredenburgh, A.G., & Zackowitz, I.B. (1998). Older drivers: A forensic human factors analysis. (Summary) In Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences, Colorado Springs, CO: American Academy of Forensic Sciences, 91-92.

Vredenburgh, A.G., Andressen, B., & Cohen, H.H. (1996). The development and testing of a device to enhance motorcycle conspicuity and reduce accident. In Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences, Nashville, TN, 74.

Vredenburgh, A.G., & Plourd, S. (1996). The development of a time-distance factor for car accident reconstruction. In Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences, Nashville, TN, 73-74.

Vredenburgh, A.G., & Cohen, H.H. (1995). Enhanced motorcycle conspicuity through daytime use of the Motorcycle Conspicuity Enhancement System (MCES). In Proceedings of the 39th Annual Meeting of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. Santa Monica, CA: Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, (2), 1048-1052.

Vredenburgh, A.G., Plourd, S., Saifer, A.G., & Cohen, H.H. (1994). Collision Causation: Time attention is directed away from traffic in front of vehicle while preparing for a lane change. In Proceedings of the 12th Triennial Congress of the International Ergonomics Association Congress, Vol. 6. Toronto: Human Factors Association of Canada, 252-254.